The World Health Organization classifies minimally treated mineral oils as carcinogens group 1 known to be carcinogenic to humans Highly refined oils are classified group 3 as not suspected to be carcinogenic, from known available information sufficient to classify them as harmless. In lubrication, mineral oils make up Group I, II, and III base oils that are refined from petroleum. British aromatherapists commonly use the term "white mineral oil". The term "paraffinum liquidum" is often seen on the ingredient lists of baby oil and cosmetics. Instead, British pharmacologists use the terms "paraffinum perliquidum" for light mineral oil and "paraffinum liquidum" or "paraffinum subliquidum" for somewhat more viscous varieties. "Mineral oil", sold widely and cheaply in the United States, is not sold as such in the United Kingdom. A similar lexical situation occurred with the term " white metal". Prior to the late 19th century, the chemical science to determine the makeup of an oil was unavailable in any case. Merriam-Webster states the first use of the term "mineral oil" as being 1771. Some of the imprecision in the definition of the names used for mineral oil (such as 'white oil') reflects usage by consumers and merchants who did not know, and usually had no need of knowing, the oil's precise chemical makeup. More generally, mineral oil is a transparent, colorless oil, composed mainly of alkanes and cycloalkanes, related to petroleum jelly. Mineral oils used for lubrication are known specifically as base oils. Most often, mineral oil is a liquid obtained from refining crude oil to make gasoline and other petroleum products. Other names, similarly imprecise, include 'white oil', 'paraffin oil', ' liquid paraffin' (a highly refined medical grade), paraffinum liquidum ( Latin), and 'liquid petroleum'. The name 'mineral oil' by itself is imprecise, having been used for many specific oils over the past few centuries. Mineral oil is any of various colorless, odorless, light mixtures of higher alkanes from a mineral source, particularly a distillate of petroleum, as distinct from usually edible vegetable oils. So to conclude this all, do all liquids have the same levels of surface tension? The answer would be no, at least based off of the data that has been given above.For crude oil found in geological deposits, see Petroleum.īottle of mineral oil as sold in the U.S. Mineral oil is non-polar, therefore the only interaction it can achieve would be a London Dispersion Force, resulting in super low surface tension. Since hydrogen bonds are the strongest intermolecular force, the molecules of water are going to have higher surface tension than the molecules of the mineral oil. In the situation of this lab, the reason more water drops are able to sit atop of a US penny than mineral oil can is because water molecules(H2O) have stronger and tighter hydrogen bonds between them. This induces a dipole moment in the molecule next to it, which produces a weak interaction between the molecules. The weakest force that all covalent molecules experienceĮlectrons from these molecular forces are constantly in motion and sometimes they collect in one area of the molecule that creates a temporary dipole moment.
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